Community and Public Health Nursing Reflection Essay

Community and Public Health Nursing Reflection Courtney Austin NUR/405 8/11/2014 Community and Public Health Nursing Reflection Maricopa community schools are the local schools for the Gila River Indian Community. Native American children attending these schools are generally obese and do not participate in extra-curricular activities. The Leading Health Indicator (LHI) that applies is Children and adolescents who are considered obese. Recognizing this LHI, nursing diagnoses can be generated followed by nursing interventions and finally a community health partnership that will positively influence obesity. Also, while exploring these various steps, examples of how nursing can advocate community change will be shown.†¦show more content†¦154). Native Americans are also theorized to be genetically predisposed born with more adipose fat which is never lost and increases throughout adolescence, leading to obesity in adulthood (Richards Peterson, 2006, pg. 88). Furthermore, their diets tend to be high in saturated fat and sugar (88). These epidemiological influences are worsened because of the lac k of facilities available on the reservation. Utilizing this information, the following nursing diagnoses can be made regarding Native American obesity; deficient community health, imbalanced nutrition, and sedentary lifestyle. First, a healthy community â€Å"is described by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Healthy People 2010 report is one that continuously creates and improves both its physical and social environments, helping people to support one another in aspects of daily life and to develop to their fullest potential† (Healthy Places). In order to address the deficient community health, a community health event could be planned that checks weight, height, cholesterol and blood glucose levels. Also, at this event, education about health promotion and disease prevention would be beneficial in addressing the diabetes and obesity so prevalent within the Native American populace. Imbalanced nutrition can be because the body is not getting enoughShow MoreRelatedCommunity and Public Nursing Reflection Paper890 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity and Public Health Nursing Reflection Lorraine Gambino NUR/405 May 6, 2013 Bonnie Schoettle Community and Public Health Nursing Reflection Incorporating preventative recommendations into clinical work can be a complicated and multidimensional obligation. According to Silva, Cashman, Kunte, amp; Candib, â€Å"addressing preventative recommendation alone for patients in a typical day requires in excess of 7.4 hours† (2012). 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The Importance of Biodiversity Loss - 1087 Words

Biodiversity is defined as the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat; typically, greater biodiversity is important and more desirable in a given habitat. Greater biological diversity promotes economic and social welfare, and improves the likelihood that future generations will survive and succeed. Our planet contains a wide variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms that have learned to survive and flourish in a number of different habitats, from the wet jungles of the Amazon to the dry heat of the Mojave Desert to the icy cold tundra of Antarctica. Every species has a role to play in their respective environments. A balanced ecosystem ensures that no organism wipes out any other organism, and a diverse ecosystem ensures that catastrophic events, such as a plague or a change in the weather, will not extinguish an entire specie or destroy an entire habitat. Only recently has humanity come to appreciate the role biodiversity plays in nature. Ironically, the threat to biodiversity has never been greater than it is today. The actions of humans have led to desertification, global warming, and deforestation, all of which destroy habitats and eradicates species. Biodiversity loss is not a recent phenomenon. The extinction of the dinosaurs, possibly as a result of climate change, is one historical example of biodiversity loss. Humans have also hunted, fished, or displaced numerous plants and animals into extinction. However, in the past century, theShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Biodiversity On The Environment1323 Words   |  6 Pages Furthermore, it is a proven fact that biodiversity changes influence â€Å"the flow of ecosystem services†, i.e. benefits that people receive from ecosystems, including such services as provisioning, cultural, and regulating ones (Perrings 1). 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The number of species of plants, animals and microorganisms and the various genes in these species, different ecosystems such as deserts, rainforests and coral reefs are all part of a biologically diverse Earth. Hence Biodiversity impacts everything. We will discuss how Biodiversity plays a crucial role on social, environmental, and economic factors. We will also discuss what areRead MoreImpacts Of Biodiversity Loss On The Planet1281 Words   |  6 Pagesecosystems. One of these noted effects is the drastic rise in the extinction rate of plant and animal species. Anil Markandya, from the Basque center for Climate Change and author of â€Å"The Economic Feedbacks of Loss of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services† writes, â€Å"The topic of biodiversity loss has been the subject of a vast and growing scientific and economic literature. 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A fuller definition is given in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) from the 1992 Earth summit: ‘Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part ; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems’ (Hambler, C., 2004

Three most important elements that contribute to success Free Essays

Three most Important elements that contribute to success In business doing. It is said that, â€Å"nothing ventured, nothing gained† to indicate that someone should do business if he or she wants to be rich. However, business is not easy and being successful in business doing is a more difficult thing. We will write a custom essay sample on Three most important elements that contribute to success or any similar topic only for you Order Now I myself think that there are three most important elements that contribute to success in business doing. First and foremost, One of the most important factor that contributes to success In business doing Is the employer. In fact, the leaders are who set up and operate different components of a business such as: direction In enterprise, human supervision, choosing target markets and calling for investment. Actually, in order to establish a business, presidents have to carefully think about what they will sell and who their customers are. In addition, good employers will know how to find out best employees who also contribute to success of business and have flexible and suitable policies to keep employees’ faithful for a long time. Moreover, they themselves will coverer potential markets with various ways and develop It the support of effective co-workers. Another hard responsibility of masters is calling for investment. It is a difficult progress that requires them to concentrate their own capacity and experiences to convince investors believe in their products and potential developing in the future. So, the leaders who make huge and main success of a enterprise. Another main element contributing to success in business doing is the government support. In order to create favorable conditions for businessmen, the overspent may offer preferential policy In tax. Accordingly, there will be a period of 5-10 years when businessmen enjoy tax exemption or reduction. Furthermore, the government may give priority to businessmen by assigning land plots as business location with low land use right. There will be more support in site clearance, too. Businessmen can have more advantages in selling their products as they do not bother to find market. The government will use subsidy policy by which businessmen commodity are secured In contracts or enhanced by free remonstration. Last but not least, it is production technology that affect enterprise’s business. This can be clearly proved in the current society with high competition. Truly, the more are the customers’ requirements stern the more does enterprise’s production line need to be improved better. For example, one of the most successful Vietnamese products In the world Is pottery of Mini Long company. At first, It was built up from craft villages and almost pottery products were made by workmen who have good opacity, then this company invested a lot of modern technological lines to manufacture much more beautiful pottery products. Nowadays, they have been exporting many products to a great deal of different nations consisting of markets with high criteria such as Europe, United Kingdom, united State†¦ This demonstration represents the success by using modern technology in producing progress. In conclusion, to succeed In business doing we need to have a lot of different think that are most important and it is elements that contribute to success in business doing. How to cite Three most important elements that contribute to success, Papers

Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance Principles and Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction Corporate governance is the set of activities and regulations by which board of directors direct and manages the operations of a company and ensures fairness, responsibility, and transparency in corporations while dealing with its stakeholders. The stakeholder of a firm includes consumers, government, shareholders, investors, creditors, environment, community and many others. Many modern organisations have adopted corporate social responsibility policies to ensure the satisfaction of multiple stakeholders but, many experts believe that it reduces a corporations performance and growth. The stakeholder approach is based upon various theories of justice, ethics, and morality and it has a positive impact on the society. Many experts support the stakeholder approach by stating that company is not a profit machine, it has several moral duties towards society and stakeholders. There are several stakeholders theories that can be applied by the directors; these theories focus on fulfilling the requirements of multiple stakeholders. This report will analyse various articles on shareholder and stakeholder approach to understand their influence and importance in a corporations growth. The impact of stakeholder approach over society will be discussed in the report as well. Further, the report will evaluate multiple theories of justice and corporate governance to understand their impact on a company. Purpose The key purpose of this report is to analyse the articles provided by multiple experts regarding shareholder and stakeholder approach. The primary focus of the report will be in the articles submitted by Milton Friedman and R. Edward Freeman (and others) regarding the stakeholder and shareholder approach. Further, the report will also discuss benefits of implementing a broader view by a firm. The report will evaluate various theories of justice to determine the social role of a company towards the development of society. The report will analyse multiple corporate social responsibility theories that can be applied by directors in a firm for the fulfillment of their social responsibility. The report will provide few suggestions that can be implemented by directors for effective implementation of corporate governance. Scope The report primarily focuses on articles, journals, books or studies provided by experts regarding shareholder and stakeholder theory. The articles submitted by Milton Friedman and R. Edward Freeman will be the primary focus of the report. Many other opinions and researches conducted by theorist will be discussed to understand the role of corporate governance in a firm Literature Review A shareholder is an individual, corporation or any other institution that invest its money in the shares of a company, the shareholders are considered as the owner of an organisation, and they benefit and loss based on the performance of the enterprise. As per Ayuson and Argandona (2009), the directors are responsible towards shareholder, and they must maximise the value of shareholders. Many theorists believe that the primary objective of a company is to maximise the profits for its shareholders. However, many articles and academic journal assert that modern corporations prefer to adopt a stakeholders strategy. The shareholder theory has been widely challenged in previous few years; many experts believe that solely focusing on profit maximisation is wrong and immoral. The concept of corporate social responsibility is prominent in between modern companies; the CSR theory provides that a company has moral duties towards its multiple stakeholders. Smith (2003) argued that both stakehol der and shareholder theories are normative concepts that mean they contain a provision regarding what corporation role ought to be. According to Cooper (2017), todays modern firms can expand their business in different companies and their actions considerably affect various sections of society, therefore, implement stakeholder policy is an oversimplification of the complex role of organisations. Friedman (2007) argued that it is wrong to consider that a company has social responsibilities towards the society, a firm is an artificial person and it has artificial responsibilities. The primary role of a corporation is to satisfy their shareholders' needs because they invest in the enterprise and face the risk of loss. The purpose of directors should be clear; they should perform actions by complying with the common law to maximise the value of shareholders. Friedman (2007) stated in his article that unless a company is incorporated for a particular non-profit purpose, such as a hospital, welfare institute or school, its primary focus should be profit maximisation. According to Fisch (2005), if director implement the social responsibilities approach, then companys primary focus shifted from profit making to the welfare of society, which can be detrimental to the development of an enterprise. The shareholders face major risk in an organisation because they invest their capital in companys stock. Therefore, the directors should only focus on enhancing the shareholder value. As per Friedman (2007), the stakeholder's interest should be secondary in a company because without fulfilling the benefit of the shareholder, the company cannot satisfy its objectives. Friedman (2007) argued that the concept of corporations social responsibility is provided by the trade unions and activist groups to justify the transaction of a company which will not be otherwise benefited from its interest. Boatright (2006) provided that for achieving the growth in business, it is necessary that the company fulfills the requirement of stakeholders, but, he argued that it is not the duty of directors to create policies regarding the same. The directors are an agent of shareholders, and their primary focus should be improving the value of shareholders, the interest of other stakeholders should not be the concern of directors. If the shareholders value increases in a company, the interest of other stakeholders fulfilled through the market. According to Boatright (2006), the directors should not formulate corporate policies for the stakeholders; they can achieve that by focusing on shareholders interest. A different theory was given by Freeman, Harrison, and Wicks (20 07); they provided the importance of stakeholders in a company and its positive impact on the companys operations. The growth in corporations increased their impact on the society; the companies have a moral duty to satisfy the interest of various sections of the community. Freeman, Harrison, and Wicks (2007) stated that it is the responsibility of directors to ensure that actions of the company are fulfilling the interest of various stakeholders. Effective policies of corporate governance are necessary for a company to ensure satisfaction of their stakeholders, and directors should formulate plans to ensure satisfaction of multiple stakeholders. Many theorists have also provided different theories from shareholder and stakeholder approach. Bainbridge (2005) presented a theory called Director Primacy Model which provides that directors are responsible for the activities of corporate governance, therefore, they should be in the center of a firm. To maximise shareholder value, directors should be able to decide in a corporation without review from any other parties; the shareholders should not have the power to review the decision of directors since it retrains their power to operate a business efficiently. Another similar theory was provided by Million ( 2010) called Enlightened Shareholder Value. The theory focus on improving the shareholders worth by providing absolute power to the directors of a firm, the directors power is original, and it cannot be delegated to any other parties. According to Parmar et al. (2010), the directors best understand business, therefore, they should be able to decide the relevancy of each shareholder and formulate policies according to such relevancy. These theories did not popularise because there have several flaws, such as the theory did not consider the interest of creditors or give them relevance. There is lack of proper safety mechanism if directors decide to take unfair advantage of their powers and there is no method of measuring good faith of directors. As per Jensen (2002), it is not beneficial and productive for a company to argue over the importance of shareholder and stakeholders, both parties are depending upon the performance of an organisation which can be achieved by implementing stakeholders approach. Stout (2013) argues that the directors should focus on value maximisation of stakeholders and formulate policies achieve such objectives. The role of modern corporations has increased due to the advancement of technol ogy, regulations, and governments. The directors should ascertain their moral duty towards society and formulate corporate policies to achieve such objectives. Advantage of Adopting and Broader View Many theorists criticise the shareholder approach and enforce the implementation of stakeholders approach in modern corporations and provide that without fulfillment of stakeholders interest a company cannot achieve growth. As per Laplume, Sonpar, and Litz (2008), a stakeholder includes individual, organization or any other institute that has a financial interest in the operation of a firm or gets affected by the practices of the company. The example of stakeholders includes employees, consumers, government, environment, creditors, shareholders and many others. The stakeholders are categorised into three parts: primary, secondary and territory. The primary stakeholder is an integral part of a company; they have a financial interest in the performance of a firm and loss or gain based on the return of an enterprise. The example of primary stakeholders includes consumers, employees, shareholders, creditors, investors and many others. The secondary stakeholders did not have any financial interest in business operations, but they get influenced by the performance of a company, they are also called external stakeholders. The secondary stakeholders include media, community, public and many others. According to Sweeney and Coughlan (2008), the tertiary stakeholders neither have any financial interest in a company, nor they get affected by its operations but their opinions positively or adversely influence the companys performance. The example of tertiary stakeholders includes activist groups, government, environment and many others. A significant part of society gets covered in primary and secondary stakeholders, which prove that actions of a company influence a large section of society. Modern corporations are focusing more on stakeholders interest due to the popularity of corporate social responsibility provisions, the concept of a company being profit making machine is changing slowly in the market. The corporate s ocial responsibility principles ensure that directors formulate policies regarding the satisfaction of multiple stakeholders interest. As per the study of Martin (2010), two variables cannot be satisfied at a single time that means a company cannot meet consumer and shareholder interest at the same time. The satisfaction of shareholders will hurdle in benefit of consumers and vice versa. Usually, directors prefer to fulfill the interest of shareholders because it attracts more shareholders investment, but according to Martin (2010), that is a wrong approach. The dividend of shareholders is provided after the reduction of statutory payments such as salaries, the interest on loans and taxes. The shareholders focus on future profit of a company instead of present value, for attracting a large number of shareholders the companies are required to sustain their growth. As per Greenwood and Van Buren (2010), it is impossible for companies to maintain their development for an indefinite period; therefore they should focus on improving stakeholders value instead of enhancing shareholders worth. The improvement in stakeholder s value will allow the companies to attract a large number of investments from the shareholders which will assist in sustaining the growth of the business. Justice Theories Manners (2008) stated that the normative ethics is related to the philosophical ethics which focus on examine the moral and ethical practices. The normative ethics analyses the rightness and wrongness of an ethical belief, it performs an empirical study into the view of peoples. For example, if individual beliefs that conducting fraud is wrong that the normative ethics evaluate that whether it is right or wrong to hold such an opinion by a person. The justices are defined as fairness by Rawls (2009); he stated that justice is divided into two parts. The first part provides that society should be strutted in a way to ensure that each section has equal liberty; another party must not infringe the rights of a person. The second part prohibits the discrimination between individuals in a society unless it is necessary to discriminate a minority party to provide them benefits. Rawls (2009) also ensures that the person who possesses power must not prohibit the opportunity of another party f or gaining such strength. According to Bowie (2017), the Kantian View theory by given by Immanuel Kant which focuses on the equal status of stakeholders in a company, the directors should ensure that company is formulating necessary policies for the satisfaction of all stakeholders. These theories focus on directors responsibility towards stakeholders and the requirement of better social responsibility policies in a company. The theories focus on the moral responsibility of directors and the role of stakeholders in a company. Many theorists have provided opposite views over the same matter, for example, Jeremy Benthams Utilitarian theory. As per Renouard (2011), the Utilitarian theory provides an opposite view over the Kantian theory which provides that instead of focusing on achieving stakeholders interest, the director should perform their duties within the law. The maximisation of shareholders value assists in satisfaction of the interest of other stakeholders; directors are not required to formulate speci fic policies for different stakeholders. Numerous experts have criticised the Utilitarian theory; they believed that this approach could not be applied to modern corporations since it does not have any practical use. According to Rawls (2009), by distributing the wealth more equally (not evenly) between stakeholders, a company can sustain their future development. If the company only focus on improving shareholders value than the resources will only be provided to the shareholders, and it creates a problem of discrimination. The discrimination between stakeholders reduces the growth of a company because it reduces its reputation and business. By efficiently implementing corporate governance principles, the directors can satisfy the interest of stakeholders. As per Zakhem (2008), the directors have a duty of care toward multiple stakeholders that means it is their responsibility to ensure that equal protection is given to each stakeholder. The directors have a fiduciary duty towards the company which requires them to perform their actions morally and in good faith of the corporation. Directors should avoid the discrimination in an organization, and strict policies should be implemented to prevent any mistreatment of stakeholder. Laczniak and Murphy (2012) stated that each stakeholder is a crucial part of a corporate structure and directors are morally responsible towards them; the corporate social responsibility principles ensure that directors analyse the requirement of stakeholders and formulate policies to meet such requirements. The duty of care must be fulfilled by the directors while performing their responsibilities of corporate governance. Theories of Corporate Governance To ensure the fulfillment of their duty of care, the directors can implement various approaches to corporate governance which provide proper achievement of stakeholders interest. According to Lee (2008), in modern times, the principle of corporate social responsibility is significantly popular between the corporations. The corporate social responsibility allows companies to incorporate policies of environmental and social welfare into the business structure. The CSR policies are self-regulated by the enterprises and directors construct such systems into corporations business structure. The CSR regulations assist companies in complying with various national and international laws regarding moral, ethical and legislative matters. Carroll (2008) stated that the CSR policies did not just focus on compliance of statutory rules instead it emphasis on the social responsibilities of a company towards the society. The CSR policy is benefited for international corporations since they deal with different domestic and international regulations and it ensures that the company fulfills each stakeholder's interest. Mele (2008) provided that by implementing an efficient CSR model, a company can achieve various advantages such as positive reputation, improved trading, international brand recognition, better financial performance, and improved employees productivity. It also benefits enterprise in recruitment and retention process since it attracts and retains talented employees, the procedure of accessing investment also become more accessible for companies. Bocken et al. (2016) provided that a company can adopt a 'circular economy' approach for improvement of business operations; it benefits the company in various ways such as reduction of wastage in raw material, saving of energy, and improved employees productivity. The company can achieve that by implementing various methods such as recycling, reuse of material, building long-lasting products, proper maintenance, and repair of machinery. According to Porter et al. (2011), the Creating shared value approach is another theory which benefits directors into establishing a positive environment for the stakeholders. The CSV policy creates a link between competitive strategy and CSR principles, it allows in creating a healthy competitive environment in the industry. As per Banerjee (2008), the CSV value creates equal opportunities for different stakeholders and develops each section of society; it allows company into identifying and capitalise the financial and social development in the ind ustry. These strategies allow the companies to fulfill their moral duties towards society and assist in the growth of the company. The role of modern corporations has enhanced, and the directors are responsible towards multiple stakeholders, by implementing these theories, the director can ensure the equal satisfaction of stakeholders interest in the company which benefits the society as well. Conclusion and Recommendations From the above observations, it can be concluded that the modern corporations have duties towards different stakeholders. The benefit of stakeholders can improve the growth of a company, and it benefits various sections of society. Many theorists argued that stakeholders approach is detrimental to the growth of a company since it shifts the focus from profit maximisation. But, many studies have provided that stakeholder approach benefits enterprise in several ways which sustain its development such as improved reputation, positive brand recognition, and easy availability of investment. A company should adopt a broader view of business structure because it benefits various parts of society and assists the enterprise in fulfilling their social responsibilities. Various theories of justice also provide that directors have a duty of care towards its stakeholders, and they should formulate policies to satisfy the interest of stakeholders. Directors can adopt many theories for the satisfac tion of stakeholders interest such as CSV, CSR, and circular economy. These approaches assist modern corporations in fulfilling their social responsibilities and provide various benefits to the section of society. As per my recommendation, a company should adopt stakeholder approach rather than shareholder primacy theory; it will assist in overall development of the firm and sustain future growth of the business. Before implementing stakeholders approach, the directors should analyse the number of stakeholders in the company and analyse their interest and requirements. The corporate policies should be according to the interest of stakeholders; the policies must equally cover the requirement of each stakeholder. Directors must ensure proper implementation of policies in the corporations, and they have to monitor the organisational environment constantly. The policies should be changed in case any external or internal factors affect the interest of stakeholders. By implementing this approach, a company can fulfill its moral responsibility and assist in the development of society. References Ayuso, S. and Argandoa, A., 2009. Responsible corporate governance: Towards a stakeholder board of directors?. Bainbridge, S.M., 2002. Director primacy: The means and ends of corporate governance.Nw. UL Rev.,97, p.547. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=300860 Banerjee, S.B., 2008. Corporate social responsibility: The good, the bad and the ugly.Critical sociology,34(1), pp.51-79. Boatright, J.R., 2006. Whats wrongand whats rightwith stakeholder management.Journal of Private Enterprise,21(2), pp.106-130. Bocken, N.M., de Pauw, I., Bakker, C. and van der Grinten, B., 2016. Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy.Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering,33(5), pp.308-320. Bowie, N.E., 2017.Business ethics: A Kantian perspective. Cambridge University Press. Carroll, A.B., 2008. A history of corporate social responsibility. InThe Oxford handbook of corporate social responsibility. Cooper, S., 2017.Corporate social performance: A stakeholder approach. Taylor Francis. Fisch, J.E., 2005. Measuring efficiency in corporate law: The role of shareholder primacy.J. Corp. l.,31, p.637. Freeman, R.E., Harrison, J.S. and Wicks, A.C., 2007.Managing for stakeholders: Survival, reputation, and success. Yale University Press. Friedman, M., 2007. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits.Corporate ethics and corporate governance, pp.173-178. Greenwood, M. and Van Buren III, H.J., 2010. Trust and stakeholder theory: Trustworthiness in the organisationstakeholder relationship.Journal of business ethics,95(3), pp.425-438. Jensen, M.C., 2002. Value maximization, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective function.Business ethics quarterly, pp.235-256. Laczniak, G.R. and Murphy, P.E., 2012. Stakeholder theory and marketing: Moving from a firm-centric to a societal perspective.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,31(2), pp.284-292. Laplume, A.O., Sonpar, K. and Litz, R.A., 2008. 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Barton Corbin Case

Barton Corbin Case On Dec. 4, 2004 Jennifer Corbin was found shot once in the head in her Buford, Georgia home with a handgun beside her. Her 7-year-old son discovered her body and reportedly told police that his dad, Dr. Barton Corbin, had killed his mom. While authorities were investigating the death of Jennifer Corbin in Gwinnett County, a Richmond County grand jury on Dec. 22 indicted Barton Corbin for the 1990 death of Dorothy (Dolly) Hearn, who was Bartons girlfriend in dental school in Augusta. Hearn was found shot to death in her apartment with a gun in her lap. Latest Developments Georgia Dentist Pleads Guilty to Two Murders Previous Developments Judge Allows 1990 Evidence in Gwinnett Trial Hearing Set in Georgia Dentists CaseDec. 20, 2005Attorneys for a Georgia dentist, who is accused of killing is wife in 2004 and his girlfriend in 1990, will argue that jurors in one trial should not hear about charges his faces in another in a hearing set for Feb. 17. Attorneys for Georgia Dentist Fight Murder ChargesOct. 10, 2005Attorneys for Barton Corbin, the Georgia dentist accused of the murder of his wife in December and his former girlfriend 15 years ago, have asked that the charged be dropped in the 1990 case because they said the state waited too long to indict him for the death of Dorothy (Dolly) Hearn. Corbin Pleads Innocent in Wifes DeathJan 27, 2005Barton Corbin entered a not guilty plea in his wifes death, after waiving his right to an arraignment. Georgia Dentist Investigated in Third DeathDec. 7, 2005Dr. Barton Corbin, who has been indicted by two Georgia grand juries in the connection with the Dec. 4 death of his wife and death of his former girlfriend 14 years ago, is now being investigated in connection with the death of a Georgia woman who disappeared in 1996 and was found a year later in her vehicle at the bottom of an Alabama Lake. Barton Indicted for Wifes MurderJan. 5, 2005A Gwinnett County grand jury has indicted Georgia dentist Barton Corbin for murder in the shooting death of his wife Jennifer Corbin, who was found dead in her bedroom with a handgun by her side. Investigators Await Gunshot TestsDec. 28, 2004Prosecutors are waiting for crime lab tests in connection with the shooting death of Jennifer Corbin. The Georgia Bureau of Investigation is performing gunshot residue tests on both Jennifer Corbin and her husband, dentist Barton Corbin. Corbin Indicted in Former Girlfriends DeathDec. 22, 2004The husband of a woman who was found shot in her home two weeks ago has now been indicted for the death of his former girlfriend who was found under similar suspicious circumstances 14 years ago.

101 They Say Summary Professor Ramos Blog

101 They Say Summary Break Quick Write Take 3 minutes and find a quote or important point from the article we read for today. Anything that stood out to you that you can add to our conversation? MICHAELA CULLINGTON â€Å"Does Texting Affect Writing?†Ã‚  p. 462 The Art of Summarizing Chapter 2 explains how to write an extended summary. We will be working with this today moving into beginning our essays. Careful you do not write a list summary or â€Å"closest cliche†. The book treats summary and paraphrase similarly. Keep in mind that you will also be using quotes. What argument is Cullington responding to? What other arguments are they responding to? Are they disagreeing or agreeing with the issue? Break Be back in 10. Timeline Take a piece of paper and turn it on its side. On the left put the year you were born. On the right add in today. Fill in as many different literacies that you have learned. Literacy Sponsors According to Deborah Brandt,  sponsors of literacy are â€Å"any agents, local or distant, concrete or abstract, who enable, support, teach, model, as well as recruit, regulate, suppress, or withhold literacy- and gain advantage by it in some way.†Ã‚  Source In other words, sponsors can be anything that helps or hinders your literacy. For this class, I would like you to focus on positive sponsors. Multivocal Arguments A great way to explore an issue is to assume the voice of different stakeholders within an issue. Who are the stakeholders in the Cullington article? Assume a voice of one of the stakeholders and write for a few minutes from this perspective. We will discuss this briefly. Now we will assume a different voice on the issue. Write briefly from this perspective. Discuss. Quick Write What does assuming different voices help us with in regards to an issue? What are current issues where this approach would help us? 101 They Say Summary Kelly â€Å"Better Than Human† Quick Write Kevin Kelly argues that machines will eventually take over many jobs that we now perform. Depending on how you are looking at this scenario, this could be a good or bad thing. How do you see machines taking over our jobs? Can a machine replace your job? The Art of Summarizing Chapter 2 explains how to write an extended summary. We will be working with this today moving into beginning our essays. Careful you do not write a list summary or â€Å"closest cliche†. The book treats summary and paraphrase similarly. Keep in mind that you will also be using quotes. Kelly â€Å"Better Than Human† In small groups, find statements in the articles that explain their attitudes. Find a positive and negative statements from both the Carr (424), â€Å"Is Google Making us Stupid?† and Kelly, â€Å"Better Than Human† articles. Carr Positive Statement Negative Statement Kelly Positive Statement Negative Statement Nicholas Carr is less optimistic about the future impact of technology. Who do you find more persuasive, Carr or Kelly? Audience Who are you writing to? Why are you writing to them? Narrative Structure Focus on events in your story. What events help you to tell your story? First Event Next Event Next Event Final Event Do tell us what you went through. Show us what happened. Place us there with you. Free Write What literacy are you going to write about? What moment are you going to focus on? or Tell us about a moment in your literacy? Who was there, how did it happen, where were you? Homework Turn one of the free writes you have written into a longer shitty rough draft.

Wave Motion - Pest in the Pool Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wave Motion - Pest in the Pool - Assignment Example This natural frequency was calculated to be. Stationary waves commonly referred to as standing waves are waves that appear to be moving back and forth on the same sport i.e. they oscillate instead of making linear motion. This phenomenon can take place if two waves of equal wavelength and frequency travelling in the opposite directions superimpose on each other (Jerry, 2006). On the water, two water waves travelling in the opposite direction can be produced by sending a wave against a barrier that will block further propagation of the wave. Hence reflect the wave back in the opposite way. This reflected wave which is a counter-propagating wave is of the same amplitude, wavelength and frequency as the incident wave. Thus, these two waves will interfere both constructively and destructively (Halliday, Robert & Jearl, 2006). Standing waves being oscillations nature other than linear motion; they take on basic parameters related to oscillations such as; angular frequency and period. The angular frequency, , and period, T, are related according to the formula below; Where  is the velocity of the wave,  is the linear frequency and  is the distance between two successive crests of the incident wave (Feynman, Leighton, and Sands, 2013). The frequency of the propagating wave is the same as the frequency of the wave marker. The frequency can also be obtained from the period of one complete cycle as; Where the crest of one wave and trough of the other wave meets, they cancel out creating a node at that point. Halfway between two nodes the two waves superimpose constructively building an antinode. Antinodes are the points of maximum displacements. The distance between two nodes, L, is related to the wavelength of the wave by; By using a buoyancy board, water waves are generated and sent to the other end of the pool at same interval. The wall of the opposite side of the pool will act as a barrier and reflect the periodic wave back in the opposite

Financial Services Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial Services Law - Essay Example The Securities and Investment Board (SIB) was the over-all regulator of the investment businesses in the United Kingdom under the Finance Services Act 1986. The SIB is assisted by several-self regulating organizations and recognized professional bodies. The self-regulating bodies used to be: the Securities and Futures Authority Limited (SFA); Investment Management Regulatory Organization (MRO); Financial Intermediaries, Managers, and Brokers Regulatory Association (FIMBRA); and Life Assurance Unit Trust Regulatory Organization (LAUTRO).5 Because of the many regulatory bodies involved, many rules and regulations were enacted, thus confusion in the enforcement of Old Act did arise. There was a fear on the part of the those involved in the selling of financial services and they cannot give advice to their clients the way they want because of the fear that they will contravene the regulatory code and there was a heavy fine on the part of the financial service firm in case of bad advice given to clients.6 Another negative effect may be is that there was confusion on what procedure to apply in the investigation of offences and the enforcement of appropriate actions the Old Act considering the number of regulations produced by the number of self-regulating bodies involved The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 In the year 2000, a new legislation was passed replacing the Old Act. The New Act is called the Finance Services and Markets Act 2000 (hereinto referred as the New Act or FSMA). It received Royal Assent on 14 June 2000 and was brought into force at midnight on 30 November 2001, commonly known at that time as N2. Under the FSMA, the Securities and Investment Board (SIB) and the supporting regulatory bodies under the Old Act were replaced with the Finance Services Authority (FSA) as the over-all regulator of the Act. The FSA became the super-regulator of the Act, being fully in force from 30 November 2001. Under the FSMA, the FSA has four objectives: maintaining market confidence; promoting public understanding of the financial system; the protection of the consumer; and fighting financial crimes.7 Key Changes under the FSMA The FSMA retained the fundamental principle of the Old Act8. Aside from establishing the FSA as the super-regulating body, the FSMA also introduced significant changes to UK financial services law, to include9: 1) a revised Financial Promotion Scheme; 2) powers to impose penalties for market abuse; 3) regulation, marketing and promotion of collective investment schemes; 4) recognition of investment exchanges and clearing houses; 5) delegation to the London Stock Excahnge of the relevant powers to regulated listingactivity and to approve all prospectuses; 6) establishment of a Single Ombusdman and compensation scheme, replacing thevarious schemes already in existence, to provide further protection to consumers; 7) establishment of a Financial Services and Markets Tribunal (FSMT) to hear appealsagainst decisions of the FSA. For European or International considerations, the

Childhood Obesity in the US Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Childhood Obesity in the US - Research Paper Example There is no agreement on the definition of childhood obesity. The Body Mass Index remains the most commonly used method to measure obesity. Other professionals also assert that a 20% higher weight of an individual of a certain height and age constitutes obesity. Others also maintain more than 25% for boys and 32% in girls (Emedicine Health, n.d). Obesity is not a problem of the under developed world. People in third world countries face the problem of malnutrition. Obesity, therefore poses health risks to the lives of people in the industrialized world. In United States alone, sixty percent of adults and fifteen percent of children come under the definition of obesity (Tessmer, Hagen, Beecher, 2006). The health hazards related to obesity create problems not only for adults, but also for children (Caprio et. al., 2008). The issue of childhood obesity remains a very challenging one. The problem of childhood obesity is of increasing prevalence. Obesity does not only affect the weight of a person, it destroys the self-esteem of a person. â€Å"Diabetes, high blood pressure, heart diseases, and depression are some of the dangerous risks of obesity† (Tessmer, Hagen, & Beecher, 2006). Different reasons are associated for this ever-increasing problem. The paper attempts to discuss those various factors. Certain factors that deserve due respect include that of cultural factors, biological factors and socioeconomic ones, as mentioned in the topic. However, these factors are not solely responsible for obesity. Specifically, parental influences and attitudes also account for an increase in youth Obesity. Many experts claim that the environment that individuals live in play an important part in determining the lifestyle of a certain person. The environment consists of culture. Sociologically, culture is a system formed by a common understanding. It also shapes the perspectives of different individuals inhibiting a certain society. With regard to obesity, different cultures have different interpretations. Some may consider obesity as a health problem, while others may not. Culture also shapes the eating and working habits of individuals (Caprio et. al., 2008). Illness and deviance form a major part of culture, therefore obesity has a strong cultural background. In some societies, obesity may come under consideration of deviance. Deviance is a divergence from certain norms and values of the society. Different ethnic groups also form different societies within a certain society, in this case the United States. Different cultural factors of various ethnic groups play a major role in a div erse society such as the US. In a country like United States, which supports different types of ethnic groups, different perspectives are most likely to occur. Culture variation therefore occurs due to migration. In addition, in the increasingly globalised world of today, culture has had a profound impact. Certain eating habits have developed because of increased international trade. Promotional food marketing has also occurred due to increased communication. Such patterns have contributed to unhealthy eating habits in the US (Caprio et. al., 2008). Values remain an important part of the culture of different societies. Although the definition of body size is generalized, different ethnic groups and populations have different perceptions about body size. Different ethnic groups reside in the US, for example, African Americans, Fijians, and sub-Saharan Africans among others. Generally, these groups prefer larger body sizes compared to Europeans. Therefore, perceptions of obesity diffe r. These perceptions have led to an increase in child obesity

Cat Food Industry In The UK

Cat Food Industry In The UK By using environmental analysis, it is possible for organizations to recognize existing opportunities and threats for companies, define strategies to best utilizing opportunities and also to minimize the bad consequences of threats (Arabi Parsaeian, 2001). And the most important, the analysis can provide a rational future prediction as a base for future strategy adjustment. The company can forecast the consumer tends in next decade and rearrange its products in order to capture the volatile market share in a long-term perspective. The remote environment has the origin of factors that influencing operating environment. In industry-level analysis, it is necessary to analyze a macro environment of a company and access its performance of competitors responding to external elements. The object of this paper is to analyze remote environment and operating environment of cat food industry at United Kingdom. Part Two will be industry definitions. The industry background will be introduced in Part three at three levels, global market, Western Europe market and UK market. Part Four will be remote environment analysis by using PEST model, followed by operating environment analysis in Part Five by using Porters Five Forces Model. 2. Industry and Product definition200 211 Wikipedia defines Pet food as plant or animal material intended for consumption by pets. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_food) Mintel defines pet food as any foods that are specifically formulated and marketed for pets, including treats (Mintel, 2009). In legislation, pet food means a feeding stuff for pet animals. To achieve the appropriate balance of nutrients pet food, manufacturers blend mixtures of ingredients including meat and fish, with vegetables, cereals, vitamins and minerals to produce foods that will satisfy the nutritional requirements of a pet(PFMA). It is typically sold in pet stores or supermarkets. And pet food is divided into three categories (Figure 2): dog food, cat food and other pet food (i.e. fish food, bird food). Pet Food sells in the form that either prepared or non-prepared. Figure 2 Pet Food Segment In this paper, cat food intends to be defined as food product specifically formulated for feeding of cats. For the purposes of this paper, some further definitions used by Mintel reports are as follows: Wet cat food C including wet canned cat food with a moisture content of 60-85% and semi-moist food with a moisture content of 25-30% and includes complete foods. Dry cat food C has a moisture content of around 10% and includes complete foods Treats and MixersC food supplement for cat. 3. Cat food industry Background 200 475 3.1 Global Cat Food Market Figure 3 (Source: Euromonitor International) According to data from Euromonitor, in 2009, the Global retail value sales of cat food reach US19.6 billion dollars, at a growth rate of 4%. Although Dog food continues to occupy nearly half of pet food and pet care market, cat food market posted a comparable CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 5 % during the period 2004-2008. This indicates that the economic downturn had slight impact on this industry. However, the rising rates of house repossessions contribute to the decline in the pet populations, especially in western economies. The recession caused the lack of consumer confidence which lead to backward sales of the whole cat food market at 2008, but the global market is still growing in 2009 as the ongoing trend of pet humanization that consumers want value-added products that extend both the quality and length of the pets life. 3.2 Western European Cat food Market Figure 4 The Western European market is the biggest in cat food consumption. In this region, there has been seen a strong tend towards polarisation between premium and economy cat food brands, with mid-priced products increasingly being squeezed between them. (Euromonitor) However, as shown in Figure 4, the trend of polarization eased during 2007 and 2009. Although premium cat food still bear a large portion, Consumers tend to be prices-sensitive that economy cat food ranges grow rapidly. Figure 5 Wet products remain dominant in Western Europe but dry products sales are growing. According to data from Euromonitor, the gap between wet and dry cat food continues to narrow. In 2005, wet food accounted for 55.5% of all cat food retail sales, but this figure is predicted to decline to 51.1% in 2009. 3.2 UK Cat food Market In 2009, the value sales of the whole cat food market reach ?996 million In the UK (Euromonitor). It is the largest market of Europe in the cat food sector. The consumer base for cat food is significant with 9.7 million cat owners. And cat population rose up to 10.5 million in 2009, from 10.2 million in 2008. The growth rate is mere 0.4% largely due to the real estate crisis in 2008. A large number of homeowners opt to give up houses that they can no longer pay off the mortgage, and some of them have to give up their pets since they have no ability to take care of them. This is also the case happened in dog food market. As a result, UK suffered great in dog and cat population (Figure 6), while Germany take the advantage and grow rapidly in this segment. Figure 6 However, the volume of product sold was flat, because consumers preferred smaller portion sizes as pouches to cans. Premium and super premium foods took increasing shares of the market, causing the general increase in the unit price. 4. Macro environment Analysis (PEST) 2500 4.1 Understanding PEST model 364 Understanding the macro environment of a certain business is vital for the reason that the managers can forecast the market tends and take advantages of the opportunities and minimize the threats by strategy adjustment. In the analysis of the macro-environment for an industry, it is of importance to identify the major factors that the companies are facing and that might influence the organizations internal operation such as supply and demand levels and its costs (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1991; Johnson and Scholes, 1993). Some models are developed to indentify the vast number of possible issues that might affect an industry. The PEST analysis is a useful tool to understand the whole trend of the environment in which the industry is operating. PEST analysis stands for factors as Political, Economic, Social-culture and Technological forces to influence the business macro environment. Sometimes two other factors (environmental and legal), can be added to form a PESTEL analysis model. In PEST analysis, Political factors include government policies and regulations to the industry, taxation, laws, trade restrictions and tariffs etc. The economic factors concerns changes in the wider economy such as economic growth or decline, interest rates, disposable income, exchange rates and inflation, etc. Social-culture factors refer to demographic, age distribution, social welfare, population growth rate, changes in lifestyle and consumer buying patterns, etc. The technological factors relate to the development in technology such as application of new inventions, RD activity, automation, etc. PEST analysis can be effective for business and strategic planning, marketing, product development and research reports. Kotler (1998) claims that PEST analysis is a useful tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The analysis examines the impact of these factors on the industry. Byars (1991) believes that PEST analysis results can be used to take advantage of opportunities and to make contingency plans for threats when preparing business and strategic plans. Porter (1985) also indentifies by using PEST analysis, the company can be aligned positively with the powerful factors of change and making decisions to fight against. Therefore, in this part, PEST analysis model will be used to explore the remote environment of the cat food industry at United Kingdom. 4.2 Apply PEST to Cat food Industry and Results 4.3 Understanding External Competition 4.3.1 Political 500 643 Cat food enjoys the political policies under the pet food category. Pet food industry is highly regulated and follows a number of industry codes and guidance to help manufacturers fulfill their obligations to manufacture safe pet food. (PFMA) There are more than 50 pieces of legislation governing the manufacture of pet food. As pet food is manufactured and distributed in the same way as human food, some legislation governing human food is equally applicable to pet food. Manufactures must ensure products are safe for cats, required by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). All legislation applicable to pet food originates from the EU in the form of Regulations, Directives and Decisions which are subsequently implemented into UK national law. (PFMA) It is indicated that Pet foods are subject to stricte legislation in the UK. It is able to ensure the safety and quality of products. For example, The Feeding Stuffs Regulations 2005 and The Animal By-Products Regulations 2005. A nd the legislation covering pet food ingredients requires that pet food involving meat based ingredients from animals should take veterinary inspections to make sure that it is qualified for pet consumption. The cat food market has been benefit for those regulations and the market predicts to be stable under political environment. Therefore, it will add confidence for consumers when purchasing these products for their cats. There are also a number of codes of practice to be followed by some association (FEDIAF, The European Pet Food Manufacturers Association) members in this industry which in some cases exceed legislative requirements. For example, since 2005, the EU Feed Hygiene Regulation believes that feed safety is considered at all stages of the production for pet food. The rules cover all processes relating to the manufacturing of the pet food, such as hygiene requirement, record-keeping, etc. The EU Feed Hygiene Regulation Commission recognized the FEDIAF Guide to Good Practice for the Manufacture of Safe Pet Foods and implemented the rules in 2010. These guides should be followed by all members of the community. It covers the detailed requirement of the nutritional needs for cats and dogs at different life stages. Members of the PFMA (UK Pet Food Manufacturers Association) follow the FEDIAF (The European Pet Food Manufacturers Association) Nutritional Guidelines when making pet foods. The guidel ines are updated at a regular frequency to include the latest nutritional research and are peer reviewed by independent nutrition experts throughout Europe. (PFMA) The new Animal Welfare Act came into effect in 2007 and was the first overhaul of pet law during the last 94 years. It sounds a piece of new to the cat food industry that pet welfare are becoming more and more important in the view of pet owners. BBC news broadcasted, The Act raises penalties for cruelty from the previous maximum of six months in prison or a ?5,000 fine, is the most significant new law on animal welfare for 94 years. For the first time, it legally reinforces the duty of care for pet animals. The duty of care includes that animals have a proper diet, are housed with or apart from other animals according to their need, have the ability to express normal behavior and are protected from pain, suffering, injury and disease. This rule is in accordance with the recent trend of pet Humanization that people tend to treat their pets as members of family. It indicates that cat food manufacturers are facing challenging that they need to forecast the trend of consumer consumption and make innovations. For example, it is the recent trend that consumers prefer organic food for pets. The new act also increases age from 12 to 16 for buying a pet. The cat food market sales will be suffered under this regulation; although no evidence has been released that to what extent it would be impact on the cat food sales. 4.3.2 Economic 500 378 (EURO) Strong economic growth drove surge in dog and cat populations in some markets According to Euromonitor International research, the cat populations have been rising steadily during the year from 2004 to 2009(Figure 7). The annual growth rate is 4% from 2004 to 2008. It is partly the result of strong growth in disposable income, and in large part as a result of rising residential property values. The real GDP growth averaged 2.7% in the UK between 2003 and 2007. There is a merely 1% growth from 2008 to 2009 as a consequence of real estate crisis. In the pet ownership, dog is the dominant pet in the percentage of owning households. But cat ownership has been increased from 21% to 25% of the total. However, the growth is not the possible future trend, for there is only 0.4% growth from 2008 to 2009. Figure7 Cat Population in the UK from 2004 to 2009 Figure 8 Cat Owning Households: % Analysis 2004-2009 During the latter part of 2008, economic plunged as the effects of steep decline in residential property values. Huge numbers of consumers who purchase houses at inflated prices found themselves unable to maintain the mortgages during 2007 and 2008. It caused the bankrupt of many financial services, and lead to economic recession. Millions of people lose their homes, and unemployment is rising rapidly in UK. This leads to the significant problem of pet abandonment in the UK. According to the reports of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), the number of abandoned animals rose by 57% in 2008. The number of abandoned cats rose by 50% and has remained elevated during early 2009. This has impact on the cat population and forms the reason for the slow rate of growth of cat food sales during this period. Trends towards Premiumisation were apparent in the cat food market. Cat owners prefer to single serve pouches to feed their cats. This format gets popular due to its convenience through single-use disposable style. It can ease of storage and serving. It is reported to be more gently cooked in these products than canned food. They perceive these as offering better quality food. Consumers are becoming more concerned with value for money. Many manufacturers are adding value to their mid-range brands by introducing new gourmet recipes and revamping packaging. 4.3.3 Social-culture500 650 Figure ? UK Household size, 2003-2013 From 2003, one-person household grow rapidly. Although two person household have been the major style, there is a sharp increase in one person household at the average growth rate of 5.12 from 2003 to 2008. People keep pets in the feeling of loneliness and Pets are increasingly considered a valued member of the family. Owners tend to have stronger bonds with their cats and often more of a sense of guilt at leaving their pets alone for long periods of time. According to the research of PFMA, 31% people keep pets for love, and 27% for companionship. (Euromonotor)Therefore, the trend to humanize the pets has emerged. The increasing rise of humanization promotes sales in the cat food sector, either in treats or gourmet foods. And it continues to be a driving force in sales of pet food and product development. Owners are caring pet health and chose organic, natural healthy cat food. Premium and super premium foods continue to represent larger portions of the cat food market. The trend of Premiumization cause general increase in unit prices per kilogram. But the volume growth has been flat as consumers switched from canned products to pouches with smaller portion sized. As their emotional attachments with their cats, owners want to care for the health and longevity of their cats by turning to this healthy recipe. In the UK this overall performance was largely driven by the wet category while the dry format is not popular and facing heavy discounting activity within supermarkets. In contrast with the global trend, wet cat food performs better than dry, with the wet cat food representing 74% of the overall cat food market. Its dry offering just has 22% in comparison. The popularity of wet cat food may relay on the different eating habits between cats and dogs. Similarly, the different eating preference lead to the popularity of single serve pouches that in line with the preference of cat food by cats. However, this single-use disposable format is providing the convenience to cat owners. It also offers the owners with a wider range of flavors to select for their small cat. But due to overfeeding and under-exercising, Pet obesity is rising with an estimated one in three household pets now overweight. The changing busy lifestyle of people causes the pets to be confined within home for long periods, and without enough exercise. Pet obesity is rather serious in cat for the gentle nature of cats than dog. In this case, Low-fat versions of products emerged such as specialized calorie controlled foods, foods according to levels of activity, and dietary supplements. (Mintel) Furthermore, prepared cat food sales remain high at 88%, even outperforming the sales in dog food market. The eating of cat is not easy to catch that the cat owners seek to convenient options to satisfy the cats. The prepared gap1 ratio in the UK is very high compared with other market, that it indicates a mature cat food market with less space for potential growth than that in developing market. According to Euromonitor, the high purchase of prepared products suggests little room for renewed growth in economy and mid-priced categories, since it is hard to develop new owners left to promote the sales. Convenience is a major driver for many owners in busy lifestyle. In terms of distribution within cat food market, the vast majority of pet foods continue to be distributed by large supermarkets as consumers seek convenience in one-stop shopping venues. Grocery retailers dominate the channels with 75% of value sales in 2008.People can select all arranged cat food in supermarkets, either premium or economy offerings. However, the sales of premium cat food is largely due to pet superstores and veterinary clinics, for the reason that the face-to-face recommendation of a pet expert is a key factor in encouraging pet owners to trade up to more premium products for their cats.(Mintel) 4.3.4 Technological500 419 It is acknowledged that the market was driven by technological innovation. Although economic recession has impacted new product development, it also brings challenges and opportunities. The pet food market has proved to be less impact by economic downturns, as the recent report says that consumers tend to not turn to cut the budget for their pets in case of the distressing economic circumstances. Consumers will cut down the spending over holidays, travels, and luxury buying habbites other than considering the already tiny budget in cat food. Report says that those who used to purchase premium pet food will continue this buying, while those used to purchase mid-priced and economy products are likely to be suffered. They are more price-sensitive. Pet food manufacturers respond to this trend by adding value to customers and give more benefits in their cost base. Cutting price is not usually a good idea in pet food in terms of establishing brand loyalty. Manufacturers are focusing on innovation by adding more value to mid-ranged products to maintain the sales from this group. However, premium and super premium foods continue to represent larger portions of the cat food market. The trend for owners to humanize their pets shows that human food trend leads the innovation of pet food trend. New technology focused on making production more natural, with more organic ingredients, and more close to human tastes. Many pet food manufacturers are launching new products in line with this trend by adding resemble human meal ingredients to offer human grade product to pet consumption, especially in the sector of wet cat food(Euromonitor). For the customers with affluent buying power, they are willing to spend on the high qualified pet products and apply the nutritional needs in the pet diets. Manufacturers seize their attention by producing products with more organic ingredients, free of additive and ethical standardized. In 2009, the sales of cat treats have grown at a current value of 4%. The humanization trend to the pet indulgence results the pushing sale of functional treats (Euro. Mintel). It is aligned with the increasing specification of cat food in different age groups as well as the detailed categorization of pet food with different nutritional needs. Although the sales of cat treats in not a necessary product and shares only small portion of cat food industry, manufactures are extending this market by the real estimate of little future growth in the mature cat food market in the UK. Future innovations and technology are seen in this particular product range. 5. Micro Environment Analysis (Poters five forces Model) 2600 The micro environment analysis of a certain industry concerns the internal competition within the industry by evaluating the performance among competitors. The operational Environment of the companies can be analyzed through the structural analysis by using Porters five forces analysis. 5.1 Understanding Porters Five Force Model 400 There are many methods concerning the analysis of organizational economic competitive advantage. The most popular and available tool in the operating environment analysis is Porters five forces analysis. It is developed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. Porters five forces analysis is a framework for the industry structural analysis and business strategy development. According to Porter (1980), the five forces are served in understanding the micro environment of industry, in which the company is influenced in its ability to serve the customers and maximize the profit. As shown in Figure ?, the model identifies five factors of pressure within an industry including intensity of rivalry, threats of new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, substitute threats and bargaining power of suppliers. It uses concepts that derive the five forces to determine the competitive intensity and the possible changes among industry competitors. It will provide evidence for company to reassess the volatile marketplace. Figure? Porters Five Force Analysis Pattern As is discussed above, the competitive nature of an industry is strongly affected by suggested Porters five forces. The detailed evaluation elements of each factor are shown in Figure ?. However, it is not the five factors that determine the structure of the industry, but to indentify it and make use of the markets. The structure of the industry itself plays a vital role in the environment. By recognizing this fact, I am going to explore the operating environment of cat food industry at United Kingdom by using Porters Five Forces analysis model. The objective of this task is to present the micro environment inside the industry and competitive arena among competitors. 5.2 Applying the five forces model and Results 200 A five forces analysis allows an organisation to consider the relative attractiveness of different industry sectors when making strategic choices about exiting or entering particular sectors and markets. Close analysis of these forces can allow an organisation to find a position in the sector where it can best defend itself against them or, most effectively, influence them 5.3Understanding the internal competition 5.3.1Competitive Rivalry 400 Porter describe that competitive rivalry was to analyze the intensity of competition between existing companies within an industry. Industries with high competitive pressure will impose pressure on prices, sales margins, and even on profitability for the single unit in the industry. According to the data collected from the Euromonitor International, the UK cat food market was dominated by the two companies, Nestl Purina Ltd and Masterfoods UK Ltd, as shown in Figure?. In 2008, Nestl Purina contained about 35% value share, followed by Masterfoods with approximate 33%. They are equally balanced in the UK cat food market. Figure ? Cat Food Company Shares at UK in 2008 It means that the competition would be very high in this industry for the two giant retailers: Nestl Purina Ltd and Masterfoods UK Ltd. The entry barriers in the cat food industry are very high. As a result, the potential growth of individual company would be largely depending on the RD (PFMA 2009). The pressure coming from the market and looking for opportunities for progress is the main reason that companies in this industry initiates the competition. Nestl S.A. is a global organization with headquarters based on Switzerland. Nestl Purina Pet Care Company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nestl S.A.. As undoubtedly the global leader in this market, the company reported sales at US$3 billion during 2008, with 11.5% organic growth and 5% internal growth at an annual rate. (Mintel) It is largely due to the sales of resilient market for premium and super-premium Purina brands. Nestl Purina led the UK cat food market with a 35% share of cat food with the brand as Felix, Go Cat and Purina ONE. Nestl Purina attributes its success to continued innovation and new product development across a range of price brackets. This behaviour attracts those consumers who are pursuing the specialized and healthy food for cats. It is viewed as a key driver of market growth. As a family owned company, Mars Incorporated operates six business segments including Chocolate, Pet Care, Wrigley Gum and Confections, Food, Drinks and Sym-bioscience. The company is also operating a global business, generating annual revenues of over US$28 billion. Masterfoods Pet Care followed closely to Nestl Purina at the second place with a 33% value share at UK cat food market. According to the Mintel reports, the success of Mars is supported by its key brands of Whiskas and Kitekat with brand shares of 26% and 4% respectively in 2008. Figure ? Cat Food Company Shares 2004-2008 As shown in Figure?,the seller concentration in this industry is very high. The major tow competitors are equally balanced. Mas has been performed better than Nestl Purina during the period form 2004 to the mid of 2007. There is no obvious gap between them. However, the Mars lose some shares in the market at 2008. The sales of the two companies are fairly static, giving out an impression of little space to grow. Moreover, other firms are struggling in this sector with mere share growth in the market. Fortunately, the competition in this market is stable, and the general unit price on cat food product is modest without massive fluctuations. It would be a very good aspect, since if price reduction happens in one firm, it will be rapidly followed by other competitors and consequently have impact on all companies income (Sadeghi, 2004). Given an increasing demand for more natural and convenient products in the market, the competition inside is very high. Exiting firms mainly focused on innovation to achieve expansion. Nestl Purina Ltd increased its market share by 0.7% from 2004, due to its launched premium brand Purina One. (Euromonitor 2009a) Hills Pet Nutrition Ltd, with 1.2% growth in its market value from 2004, launched series products in kitten, adult and senior range. (Euromonitor 2009a) It also had some innovation in packaging (Mintel 2006). Firms won better market position through advertising and promotion as well. Town and Country Petfoods Ltd twice its market shares since 2004, based on TV campaign and promotion. (Mintel 2006) It launched a premium brand HiLife with adverting and promotion more than ?1m in 2005. (Mintel 2006) Furthermore, incumbents worked on improving service. Oscar Pet Food UK provided face-to-face service, even home visit. (Precision 2003) In 2005, Town and Country Petfoods Ltd re-laun ched its website to delivery product information and professional advice online. (Mintel 2006) In addition, firms achieved expansion by merger and acquisition. Early 2001, Nestl bought Purina for ?10b, and then launched Purina One in the UK market.( David 2004) Six month later, Masterfood bought EUs largest nutritional pet food manufacture, Royal Canin. (David 2004) 5.3.2 Threat of substitute400 5.3.3 Buyer power400 Entrenched brand loyalty provides challenges and opportunities for retailers While tentative signs of economic stabilisation have begun to emerge during the second half of 2009, global consumer sentiment remains for the most part fragile. With unemployment continuing to rise (albeit at a slower pace than previously), household debt levels elevated and disposable household income still depressed, consumers are likely to retain a heightened sensitivity to price for some time. This presents both a challenge and an opportunity for retailers, particularly in pet food, as consumers in this segment are unusually brand loyal. As a result, larger retailers, particularly pet superstores, may continue to gain market share by leveraging the economies of scale they enjoy by offering consumers their favourite pet food brands at a cheaper price, rather than attempting to market cheaper alternatives to them. 5.3.4 Supplier power400 Private label remains vulnerable to rising costs Nor has the ability to raise prices been confined to the upper end of the market. Canadian-based private label pet food manufacturer Menu Foods scraped back into profitability during the first quarter of 2009 for the first time since the March 2007 recall. It earned US$54,000 (compared with a year-earlier loss of US$2.2 million) on sales of US$84.1 million, up 51.3% year-on-year. This increase was largely due to three price increases that totalled almost 14%. However, these price increases may not be sustainable in the short term. According to the company, as a consequence of our price increases, a number of customers whose volume represented 6.7% of total volume in the first quarter advised that they will stop buying from Menu during the second quarter. This demonstrates that private label manufacturers remain at a fundamental disadvantage to manufacturers of branded products in terms of their ability to sustain higher pricing. In Europe, private label manufacturer Provimi Group is experiencing similar difficulties. Provimi, which sells pet food throughout Western and Eastern Europe, including Russia and Ukraine, reported a 9.9% year-on-year increase in pet food sales during the first quarter, attributing this increase to a growing demand for private label products. However, it stated that its profit margins on pet food were negatively impacted by a sharp increase in the cost of cans that the Group was not able to pass on to its customers. 5.3.5 Barrier of new entry/threat of entry400 A few firms achieved to enter the cat food market successfully during the last decade. They operated mainly in three ways. First, these firms expanded into this market on the base of their original business. They are enjoying the benefits of the background in the pet products industry before. For example, Butchers Pet Care Ltd originally produced dog food only. In 2000, it successfully entered the cat food market by introducing new cat food product. (Euromonitor 2009f) Second, they entered by ways of merging or acquiring incumbents. In 1999, PG entered UK pet food market through acquisition of Imas, which is a historical pet food company established in 1946. (Mintel 2006) Third, they accessed to the market using own brand and labe

Picasso :: essays research papers

1881: Pablo Ruiz Picasso was born on October 25, 1881, in Malaga, Spain, Son of Jose Ruiz Blasco, an art teacher (1838-1913) and Maria Picasso Lupez (1855- 1939) 1884: Birth of the first sister, Dolores (Lola) 1887: Birth of the second sister, Concepcion (Conchita) 1888 / 89: Started painting tutored by his father. 1891: Translated La Coruà ±a, where his father worked as an art teacher. The death of his sister Conchita. 1892: Enters school of Bella's Arts in La Coruà ±a. His father taught him. 1895:He was an Advanced student of the Barcelona Academy of the fine arts from the age of 14 , He experimented in his youth with hardly all of the avant-garde styles current at the turn of the century, an early demonstration of his life long ability to assimilate aesthetic ideas and to work in a variety of styles. He painted " Girl with bear feet" (Paris) 1897: He transferred to Madrid for advance training ; but he was an unimpressed by his tuition, and spent a great deal of time in Cafes and brothers. 1898 : He won a gold medal for " Customs of Aragon" , which was exhibited in his native town. He painted " Gypsy girl on the beach" 1901: Known as the " Blue period" because of the blue tonality of Picasso’s paintings were a time of frequent change of residence between Barcelona and Paris. During this period he would spend his days in Paris. Studying the master works at the Louvers and his nights enjoying the company of fellow artist at cabarets like the Lapin Agile. 1903: In works such as the old guitarist ( 1903;art institute, Chicago) he created evocative portrayals of blind, impoverished, or despairing people in a predominantly blue palette. His use of blue as a motif was apparently derived from the symbolic importance of that color in the contemporary romantic writings of Maurice Maeterlinck and Oscar Wilde, whose work often derived its force from the depiction of madness or illness. 1904: Picasso entered into a relationship with Fernande Oliver, who inspired many of his pre-cubist works, such as the painting " woman with Loaves" End of the Blue Period. 1905: Marked a radical changing color and mood for Picasso. He became fascinated with the acrobat, clowns and wondering families of the circus worlds. He started to paint. in subtle pinks and grays, often highlighted with brighter tones. This was known as his "Rose period"

Being Self-Employed vs. Working for Someone Else

Being self-employed vs. working for someone else Self-employment and working for someone else has many of the same benefits and disadvantages. Although self-employment will allow a person to be his or her own boss and have endless financial possibilities, it also can be harder than working for someone else. Just because a person is able to work for their self, it does not mean that it will be any easier than working for someone else or even be more successful. Self-employment allows individuals to create his or her own schedule, allowing flexibility in the time that will be spent working.The flexible schedule of a self-employed individual is a good benefit. However in order to be successful at it, a lot of time has to be invested in it. If time is not put into the job, it will be difficult to maintain it. Having a flexible schedule allows the individual to have more time at home and also enable’s the person to work the hours convenient for their schedule. People normally find it easier to be self-employed because they feel that the freedom of working whenever they want or feel the need to may make the individual feel like they have power and authority they would not have working under a supervisor.However, good time management is essential to for self-employment. It is imperative that a person who is self-employed manages their time wisely and maintains themselves organized. It may take some time to get organized properly, but if the person practices how to best maintain organization with time, they will eventually come up with a work routine that best fits their work. Discipline is the key to being self-employed. If not, they run the risk of disorganization to the point where they will no longer be able to run their business or continue with their work.Without discipline and disorganization, the chances of financial success will be slim. Self-employment can be a financial success. There is the possibility of living very well when owning a business or si mply just work on your own. It also depends on what type of business or career path the person chooses in order to work for them selves. A person must consider that there are sometime’s many cost’s in initiating a self-owned business. Maybe start-up materials, hardware and financial management software to keep track of finances will often be needed when a person is self-employed.Organization and financial responsibility is crucial when owning a business or being self-employed. If the person that is self-employed does not manage money well, they run the risk of losing their business due to mismanagement. This will be a great disadvantage because not only is the person not able to be self-employed but they might have been out of the work field for a long time and did not gain much experience in a field that they would go out and try to work in after they figure out that working for themselves is not going to work for them.When the person tries to find a job and the hirin g manager sees how long they have been out of work and not enough experience, they may be hesitant to hire the individual. Working at a place of employment for someone else also has many benefits. For the most part, the employee will have a set schedule weekly and the employee will have to follow that schedule. Normal business hours are 8:00 a. m. to 5:00 p. m. unless of course the person works part-time, they work at a restaurant, a retail location, or maybe just a job that will schedule the employee when they are needed.In this case however, the employee does not set their own schedule, their supervisor, or boss will be responsible for that. There is not much flexibility with the schedules at a place of employment. While working for someone else, he or she is normally working under someone that they need to answer to and flexibility is very rare in the corporate world. A supervisor however, will take any time off needed as in vacation time, personal and sick time. Employees are en titled to the time off when working at a place of employment.Depending on the work field and if the individual is a full-time or part-time employee, the time off will be paid by the employer. The rate of pay at work place may not always be what the employee needs or is looking for. It could just be enough to make ends meet but it can also be exactly what the individual is looking for. Many companies require college degrees in order to make what the individual needs or should make with regards to their salary. Along with having a college degree, experience is absolutely necessary to earn top dollar.A degree does not necessarily mean that a person will be the most qualified to do the job but it does give the hiring employer that the employee they are considering has a sense of discipline, responsibility and knowledge that comes from a person with a college degree. Without the requirements, it will not be easy to obtain the type of salary the person wants. There are instances where eve n if the person meet’s the requirement’s needed to obtain a high or decent salary, some small companies are not able to pay these high salaries even if they wanted to.That is when individual either settle for what they are offered, continue searching for a job that meet’s their expectations, or become self-employed. Being self employed vs. working for someone else has many of the same advantages and disadvantages. To be self-employed, an individual needs to make sure they are organized and are prepared for the overhead cost’s that come with either owning a business or possibly just providing for your self and not having to answer to someone else. Working for someone else is not bad.A person has to be prepared and make every effort they need to in order to be successful at their place of employment. People in life have to make choice with regards to their careers. Do they work for themselves or do they work for someone else? In the end, he or she must choo se what makes the most sense and what he or she will know they can handle or not. Just because someone works for themselves, it does not necessarily mean that it will be easy. It can be just as hard as working for someone else.